Abstract In this study, it is investigated the anti-adhesive effectiveness of ZrN/Ti and TiN/Ti, deposited by magnetron sputtering, as coating materials of electrosurgical electrodes of steel in protein adhesion tests. Stoichiometry and the thickness of the systems were assessed with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry measurements. Vertical surface deviations were evaluated with the five-point mean height and the arithmetic average height and correlations between the amount of adhered protein in the electrosurgical electrodes and measurements of wettability and electrical resistivity were investigated. The quality of both coatings was put to the test through protein adhesion tests at high temperatures. Cuts with electrosurgical electrodes were performed in an abdominal flap for different electric power and cutting times. The results indicate less adhesion of protein on both proposed coatings, compared to the traditional electrodes of stainless steel, proving to be cheaper alternatives for the surgical industry than other massive anti-adherent electrodes as Au and Ti.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o grau de semelhança apresentado pelos mapas temáticos gerados por diferentes grades amostrais de plantas espontâneas em uma área agrícola comercial com 7,95 hectares. Realizou-se a contagem de monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas nas safras 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, antes do plantio da soja, período de pousio após a colheita de trigo de ambos os anos. Foi gerada uma grade regular de 10 x 10 m para amostragem das invasoras, utilizada como referência, sendo feita a contagem em 1 m² de cada ponto amostral, totalizando 795 amostras em cada ano, comparadas com grades regulares de 30 e 50 m, geradas a partir da exclusão de dados da grade padrão. Foram retiradas 22 amostras compostas de solo a profundidade de 0 -20 cm para correlacionar atributos do solo com plantas espontâneas. Para a geração dos mapas temáticos, utilizou-se o interpolador inverso do quadrado da distância; na comparação dos mapas gerados a partir de cada grade com o mapa de referência, utilizou-se o índice kappa para avaliar a perda de qualidade dos mapas ao se diminuir o número de pontos amostrais. Observou-se que as perdas de qualidade dos mapas foram menores em 2013, em relação a 2012, quando reduzida a densidade amostral de pontos. As grades de 30 x 30 m descreveram de forma satisfatória os dados de infestação das dicotiledôneas, e as grades de 50x50 m descreveram adequadamente as infestações de plantas espontâneas de monocotiledôneas, quando comparadas com a grade padrão de 10 x 10 m.

This study aimed to assess the degree of similarity presented by thematic maps generated by different sampling grids of weed plants in a commercial agricultural area of 7.95 hectares. Monocotyledons and dicotyledons were counted on the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 harvests, before soybean planting, in the fallow period after wheat harvest, in both years. A regular grid of 10 x 10 m was produced to sample the invasive plants, used as reference, and the counting was done in 1 m² of each sample point, totaling 795 samples in each year, compared to regular grids of 30 and 50 m, generated from the data exclusion of the standard grid. Twenty-two composite soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm to correlate soil properties with weeds occurrence. For the generation of the thematic maps, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) for interpolation was used; when comparing the maps generated from each grid with the reference map, the kappa coefficient was used to assess the loss of quality of the maps as the number of sample points was reduced. It was observed that the map quality loss was lower in 2013 compared to 2012 when the sampling density of the points was reduced. The 30 x 30 m grids have satisfactorily described the infestation data of the dicotyledons and the 50 x 50 m grids have adequately described the monocotyledon weeds infestation, compared to the standard 10 x 10 m grids.